Introduction: A New Chapter in Colonial America
In 1664, a pivotal moment in American history unfolded as Elizabethtown was formally established, becoming the first permanent English settlement in what would become New Jersey. This event marked a significant shift in power, as the English took control from the Dutch following the capture of New Amsterdam (present-day New York City). Elizabethtown’s founding laid the groundwork for commerce, governance, and cultural transformation.
The Dutch Influence & English Takeover
Before the English arrived, the region was part of New Netherland, a Dutch colony primarily focused on trade. The Dutch had established a network of settlements and trading posts across the area, engaging in commerce with the indigenous Lenape people.
However, in August 1664, England, under King Charles II, sought to expand its colonial footprint. Without a battle, English warships seized New Amsterdam, forcing Governor Peter Stuyvesant to surrender. This transfer of power granted England control over New Netherland, which was rebranded as New York.
As part of this transition, Charles II granted a vast land charter to his brother, the Duke of York, who then awarded a portion to two loyal supporters: Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley. This land would become known as New Jersey.
The Founding of Elizabethtown
In October 1664, a group of English settlers from Long Island, known as the Elizabethtown Associates, arrived in the region. Seeking opportunity and religious freedom, they purchased land from the local Lenape sachem, Mattano. This transaction marked the formal beginning of Elizabethtown, making it the first English community in the new colony of New Jersey.
Early settlers, including notable figures like John Ogden, Robert Treat, and Philip Carteret, quickly established homes, a governing structure, and trading operations. The settlement was strategically located along waterways, fostering trade and communication with neighboring colonies.
